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Teeth

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin and...

Tooth Anatomy

Tooth Anatomy

The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Mimicking and Measuring Occlusal Erosive Tooth Wear with the "Rub&Roll" and Non-contact Profilometry

Mimicking and Measuring Occlusal Erosive Tooth Wear with the "Rub&Roll" and Non-contact Profilometry

Published on: February 2, 2018

Tooth width ratios in crowded and noncrowded dentitions.

Eduardo Bernabé¹, Karla M Villanueva, Carlos Flores-Mir

¹Department of Social Dentistry, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.

The Angle Orthodontist

|January 28, 2005

Summary

Crowded dental arches show greater tooth width ratios, impacting orthodontic treatment outcomes. However, these differences are not clinically significant, falling below one millimeter.

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Last Updated: Jun 29, 2026

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Area of Science:

Orthodontics
Dental Morphology
Biometrics

Background:

Tooth width discrepancies can compromise orthodontic treatment results.
Understanding tooth width ratios in different dental arch types is crucial for treatment planning.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare tooth width ratios between crowded and noncrowded dental arches.
To evaluate the influence of sex on these ratios.

Main Methods:

Measurement of tooth widths from 143 dental casts using a sliding caliper.
Application of Bolton analysis to determine anterior and total tooth width ratios.
Statistical analysis including Student's t-test and ANOVA.

Main Results:

No significant sex-based differences were found in anterior or total tooth width ratios.
Both anterior and total tooth width ratios were significantly greater in subjects with dental crowding.
Differences in tooth mass excess between upper and lower arches were observed but not clinically significant (<1 mm).

Conclusions:

While crowded arches exhibit larger tooth width ratios, the differences are minimal.
These findings suggest that tooth width ratios may not be a major clinical concern in differentiating crowded from noncrowded arches.