Ergonomics of manual harvesting

Manual harvesting has many advantages compared with the mechanical harvesting of most fruit crops. The most important advantage is visual image processing ability which enables workers rapidly to detect fruit suitable for harvest and direct their hand to the fruit selected for detachment. Lacking the necessary computer based image processing equipment, designers of mechanical harvesters have settled for mass removal approaches that typically results in more damage than normal when fruit is harvested individually. Although manual harvesting has the disadvantage of low capacity, it is expected that much of the world's fruit will continue to be harvested by hand for the foreseeable future. Several ergonomics principles that relate to manual harvesting are discussed. Methods for improving worker conditions and productivity are presented. Worker positioners increase productivity by 20 to 40% and enable use of sun shades, fans, conveyors and other devices that increase comfort and reduce fatigue. Testing and training can yield substantial benefits from small inputs. Tests for visual acuity, colour sensitivity, strength, etc, can help managers assign tasks to the most suitable workers. Training programmes help workers to have a clear mental picture of acceptable fruit and encourage compliance with handling, safety and other procedures. Satisfaction of human drives such as thirst, hunger, thermal comfort and avoidance of pain results in long-range benefits.