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Cumulative trauma disorders: their recognition and ergonomics measures to avoid them
1Industrial Ergonomics Laboratory, Human Factors Engineering Center, Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.
Applied Ergonomics
|December 1, 1989
Summary
Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTD) result from repeated microtrauma, often affecting the hand-arm-shoulder region. Simple ergonomics procedures can effectively prevent many of these common occupational and leisure-related soft tissue injuries.
Area of Science:
- Occupational Health
- Ergonomics
- Musculoskeletal Disorders
Background:
- Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTD) arise from repeated microtrauma, recognized since the early 1800s.
- CTD gained significant ergonomic attention in the 1980s due to increasing occupational concerns.
- These disorders commonly impact soft tissues (tendons, ligaments) and neurovascular structures in the hand-arm-shoulder region.
Purpose of the Study:
- To define Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTD) and their underlying causes.
- To highlight the prevalence and affected anatomical regions of CTD.
- To emphasize the role of ergonomics in preventing CTD.
Main Methods:
- Review of historical and contemporary understanding of microtrauma.
- Identification of common activities associated with CTD.
- Analysis of ergonomic factors contributing to CTD.
Main Results:
- CTD are the cumulative effect of numerous microtraumas.
- Repetitive or forceful exertions, particularly in the hand-arm-shoulder area, are primary causes.
- Soft tissues, nerves, and blood vessels are predominantly affected.
Conclusions:
- Many Cumulative Trauma Disorders can be avoided.
- Implementation of straightforward ergonomics procedures is key to prevention.
- Addressing occupational and leisure activity-related risk factors is crucial for mitigating CTD.