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Using icons to convey medication schedule information.

D G Morrow1, V O Leirer, J M Andrassy

  • 1University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA.

Applied Ergonomics
|August 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
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Icons improve older and younger adults' comprehension of medication information.

The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences·1998

Older adults better understand medication schedules presented as text or timelines compared to clock icons. Familiarity with text may explain its effectiveness, suggesting icons need training for clear medication instructions.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Health Communication

Background:

  • Effective medication management is crucial for older adults' health.
  • Visual aids can potentially improve medication schedule comprehension.
  • Existing medication instructions often rely on text, with limited use of visual icons.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare older adult comprehension and memory for medication schedules presented via text versus different visual icons.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of timeline, 12-hour clock, and 24-hour clock icons.

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1: Older and younger adults paraphrased and recalled schedules from text and three icon types (timeline, 12h clocks, 24h clock).
  • Experiment 2: Older adults' free and cued recall of schedules was assessed over four trials to account for familiarity.

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  • Comprehension was measured by paraphrase accuracy and speed; memory by recall accuracy.

    • Main Results:

    • Text and timeline schedules were paraphrased more accurately than clock icons.
    • Text schedules were paraphrased fastest, followed by timeline, 24h clock, and 12h clock.
    • Text showed the highest recall accuracy, followed by timeline, 24h clock, and 12h clock, with no improvement over trials.

    Conclusions:

    • Text-based medication schedules are generally more effective for older adults than visual icons, likely due to familiarity.
    • The timeline icon may be the most effective visual aid among those tested.
    • Implementing visual icons in medication instructions may require user training to ensure comprehension.