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Related Experiment Videos

Horizontal push and pull forces: exertable when standing in working positions on various surfaces.

K H Eberhard Kroemer1

  • 1Ergonomics Laboratory, Federal Institution for Occupational Safety and Accident Research (BAU) Martener Str. 435, D 46 Dortmund-Marten, Fed. Rep. of Germany.

Applied Ergonomics
|June 1, 1974
PubMed
Summary

This study quantifies human push and pull forces during common standing tasks on various surfaces. It provides essential friction coefficient data for different shoe and floor materials, aiding in safety and design applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Ergonomics
  • Human Factors Engineering

Background:

  • Understanding human force exertion capabilities is crucial for designing safe and efficient workspaces and equipment.
  • Previous research has not comprehensively quantified push and pull forces across diverse standing conditions and surface interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure the maximum push and pull forces exerted by individuals in common standing postures.
  • To investigate the influence of bracing against supports and floor slipperiness on force output.
  • To determine the coefficients of friction between various shoe and floor materials.

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed maximal voluntary push and pull actions in controlled laboratory settings.
  • Different standing positions, including braced and unbraced stances, were employed.

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  • Force transducers measured exerted forces, and friction coefficients were calculated using standardized tests.

    • Main Results:

    • Reported push and pull force values for individuals under different conditions.
    • Quantified reduction in force exertion on slippery surfaces compared to stable ones.
    • Provided a comprehensive list of friction coefficients for common shoe sole and floor material combinations.

    Conclusions:

    • Human force exertion capabilities are significantly affected by standing stability and surface friction.
    • The data provides valuable benchmarks for ergonomic design and safety assessments in occupational settings.
    • Friction coefficient data is essential for predicting slip potential and designing appropriate footwear and flooring.