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Related Experiment Videos

Typographic coding in lists and bibliographies.

H Spencer1, L Reynolds, B Coe

  • 1Readability of Print Research Unit, Royal College of Art, London.

Applied Ergonomics
|September 1, 1974
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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This study compared ten typographical coding systems for structured information like bibliographies. The most effective system for user lookup was a two-unit left extension on the first line of each entry.

Area of Science:

  • Information Science
  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Typography

Background:

  • Effective presentation of structured information, such as bibliographic material, is crucial for efficient information retrieval.
  • Various typographical and spatial coding systems exist, but their comparative effectiveness in user tasks is not well-established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effectiveness of ten different typographical/spatial coding systems for presenting highly structured information.
  • To identify the most user-friendly system for tasks like looking up entries in an alphabetical author index.

Main Methods:

  • Ten typographical/spatial coding systems were evaluated.
  • Sections of an alphabetical author index were prepared using each of the ten styles.
  • Participants were asked to perform lookup tasks using lists presented in each style.

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Main Results:

  • One system, requiring a bold typeface, was an exception to the general suitability for standard output devices.
  • The most effective system overall was a two-unit left extension of the first line of each entry.
  • This system facilitated easier and potentially faster information retrieval for users.

Conclusions:

  • Typographical and spatial coding significantly impacts the usability of structured information.
  • A two-unit left extension on the first line of entries offers a highly effective method for improving information retrieval from bibliographic or similar structured data.
  • Standard typewriters and line printers can be used to implement effective coding systems.