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Updated: Aug 19, 2026

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
Published on: February 15, 2016
Solid state conformations of symmetrical aromatic biheterocycles: an X-ray crystallographic investigation
Christopher M Fitchett1, Chris Richardson, Peter J Steel
1Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Abstract:
Accurate, low temperature X-ray crystal structure determinations show that 3,3'-biquinoline (6), 2,2'-biquinazoline (7), 2,2'-biquinoxaline (8), 2,2'-bibenzoxazole (10) and 2,2'-bibenzothiazole (11) all exist in the solid state in centrosymmetric, planar conformations that minimise their dipole moments and maximise both conjugation between the rings and various types of attractive intermolecular associations. In contrast, 4,4'-biquinazoline (9) and 1,1'-bibenzotriazole (12) display non-planar conformations due to repulsive intramolecular interactions.
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