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Related Concept Videos

Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An immobile...
Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...
Method of Joints01:30

Method of Joints

The method of joints is a commonly used technique to analyze the forces in structural trusses. The method is based on the principle of equilibrium, which assumes that the truss members are connected by frictionless pins. The forces at each joint can be determined by considering the equilibrium of the forces acting on that joint.
Since plane truss members are in the same plane, each joint is subjected to a coplanar and concurrent force system. To apply the method of joints, the first step is to...
Method of Joints: Problem Solving I01:30

Method of Joints: Problem Solving I

The method of joints is a commonly used technique to analyze the forces in structural trusses. The method is based on the principle of equilibrium, which assumes that the truss members are connected by frictionless pins. The forces at each joint can be determined by considering the equilibrium of the forces acting on that joint. Consider a truss structure with two forces of 20 N and 10 N acting at joints C and D, respectively. The method of joints can be used to determine the forces FCB, FDC,...
Method of Joints: Problem Solving II01:30

Method of Joints: Problem Solving II

Consider a truss structure with frictionless joints fixed to a wall and roller support. If a force of 150 N is applied to joint A, the forces in each member of the truss can be determined using the method of joints.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Perturbing Endothelial Biomechanics via Connexin 43 Structural Disruption
09:20

Perturbing Endothelial Biomechanics via Connexin 43 Structural Disruption

Published on: October 4, 2019

Traversing the intact/fibrillated joint surface: a biomechanical interpretation.

Neil D Broom1, Thuy Ngo, Evelyn Tham

  • 1Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Auckland, New Zealand. nd.broom@auckland.ac.nz

Journal of Anatomy
|February 1, 2005
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals how collagen architecture changes in osteoarthritic cartilage, showing progressive weakening that leads to fibrillated lesions. Understanding this collagenous architecture breakdown is key to cartilage repair research.

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A Friction Testing-Bioreactor Device for Study of Synovial Joint Biomechanics, Mechanobiology, and Physical Regulation
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Published on: June 2, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Osteoarthritis (OA) involves progressive degradation of articular cartilage.
  • The collagenous network is crucial for cartilage's mechanical integrity.
  • Understanding collagen architecture changes is vital for OA pathogenesis research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the progression of collagenous architecture changes in osteoarthritic cartilage.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms leading to fibrillated lesion development.
  • To propose a unified structural framework for cartilage matrix disruption.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized differential interference contrast optical microscopy.
  • Examined fully hydrated radial sections of osteoarthritic bovine patellar cartilage.
  • Analyzed the fibrillar architecture and its alterations.

Main Results:

  • Observed progressive destructuring of the native radial collagen arrangement.
  • Identified a non-entwinement-based linking mechanism in transverse connections.
  • Demonstrated that intact adjacent regions weaken, increasing vulnerability to rupture.
  • Described two modes of surface rupture based on intermediate zone weakening.
  • Proposed a bi-layer theory for surface rupture intensification.

Conclusions:

  • The study proposes a pathway of change from intact to overt collagen disruption in osteoarthritic cartilage.
  • Destructuring of collagen architecture precedes and facilitates lesion formation.
  • Understanding these structural changes is critical for developing targeted OA therapies.