Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 10, 2026

Cell-free Biochemical Fluorometric Enzymatic Assay for High-throughput Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation in High Density Lipoprotein
07:29

Cell-free Biochemical Fluorometric Enzymatic Assay for High-throughput Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation in High Density Lipoprotein

Published on: October 12, 2017

Coronary heart disease risk, dyslipidemia, and management in HIV-infected persons

Carl J Fichtenbaum1

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0405, USA. Carl.Fichtenbaum@uc.edu

HIV Clinical Trials
|February 1, 2005
PubMed

Insights

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) improves longevity in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients but can cause dyslipidemia and coronary heart disease (CHD). Managing these risks involves careful antiretroviral (ARV) selection and lipid-lowering strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has increased survival for individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
  • All classes of HAART drugs are linked to atherogenic lipid profile changes, increasing coronary heart disease (CHD) risk.
  • Managing dyslipidemia and CHD in HIV patients often follows non-HIV guidelines, but drug interactions complicate treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of HAART on lipid profiles and CHD risk in HIV-infected individuals.
  • To discuss current and evolving strategies for managing dyslipidemia in the context of HIV treatment.
  • To highlight the importance of ARV selection and lipid-lowering therapies in preventing cardiovascular complications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on HAART, dyslipidemia, and CHD in HIV-infected populations.
  • Analysis of the effects of different antiretroviral (ARV) drug classes on lipid profiles.
  • Discussion of management strategies, including lifestyle modifications, ARV switching, and lipid-lowering agents.

Main Results:

  • All HAART drug classes can induce atherogenic lipid changes.
  • Lipid-lowering drugs may interact with ARVs, complicating management.
  • Emerging data on ARV-specific lipid effects are influencing clinical practice.

Conclusions:

  • Aggressively treat atherogenic dyslipidemia in HIV patients.
  • Prioritize ARVs with lower CHD potential or switch to them.
  • Consider lipid-lowering therapy when ARV modification is insufficient or not feasible.

More Related Videos

Humanized NOD/SCID/IL2rγnull (hu-NSG) Mouse Model for HIV Replication and Latency Studies07:10

Humanized NOD/SCID/IL2rγnull (hu-NSG) Mouse Model for HIV Replication and Latency Studies

Published on: January 7, 2019

Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models09:54

Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models

Published on: December 3, 2019

Related Concept Videos

Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents01:20

Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents

Hyperlipidemia, a medical condition often referred to as high cholesterol, is characterized by abnormally elevated levels of lipids in the bloodstream. When present in excess, these lipids, specifically cholesterol and triglycerides, can lead to serious health complications, often involving cardiovascular diseases. Illnesses like atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and pancreatitis have all been linked to untreated hyperlipidemia. This means controlling and regulating cholesterol and triglyceride...
Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures01:26

Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures

Effective preventive measures for coronary artery disease (CAD) focus on controlling modifiable risk factors, including cholesterol abnormalities and lifestyle changes.Cholesterol ManagementFirst, the Mediterranean diet and the American Heart Association advocate for maintaining low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels below 100 mg/dL, with a more stringent recommendation of below 70 mg/dL for individuals at high risk. LDL cholesterol, often termed "bad cholesterol," can lead to the...
Angina IV: Management01:26

Angina IV: Management

IntroductionThe management of angina requires a comprehensive approach that includes pharmacological therapies, medical procedures, and lifestyle modifications.Pharmacological TherapiesAntiplatelet agents, such as aspirin, clopidogrel, prasugrel, and ticagrelor, play a pivotal role in preventing thrombus formation in patients with angina. These medications inhibit platelet aggregation and reduce the likelihood of myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular events.Anticoagulants, including...
Atherosclerosis III: Management01:26

Atherosclerosis III: Management

Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...