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Pseudomembranous colitis in children

Itzhak Brook1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University School of Medicine, 4431 Albemarle Street NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA. ib6@georgetown.edu

Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
|February 3, 2005
PubMed

Insights

Pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) in children is often linked to antibiotic use and hospitalization, primarily caused by Clostridium difficile toxins. Treatment involves antibiotic cessation, supportive care, and sometimes oral vancomycin.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) is a significant gastrointestinal condition.
  • It is frequently associated with prior antibiotic exposure and hospitalization.
  • Clostridium difficile toxins are the primary causative agents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the microbiology, management, and prevention of PMC in pediatric patients.
  • To highlight the clinical spectrum and common associations of PMC.
  • To provide an overview of current therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on pseudomembranous colitis in children.
  • Analysis of causative agents, particularly Clostridium difficile.
  • Examination of clinical presentations, risk factors, and treatment outcomes.

Main Results:

  • PMC incidence is lower in children but can range from mild diarrhea to severe colitis.
  • Antibiotics like ampicillin, amoxicillin, cephalosporins, and clindamycin are frequently implicated.
  • Most cases resolve with antibiotic discontinuation and supportive care.

Conclusions:

  • Early recognition and appropriate management are crucial for pediatric PMC.
  • Understanding the role of Clostridium difficile and antibiotic associations aids prevention.
  • Oral vancomycin or alternative therapies may be necessary for refractory cases.

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