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Methimazole, thyroid hormone replacement, and lipogenic enzyme gene expression in broilers.

R W Rosebrough1, B A Russell, S M Poch

  • 1Growth Biology Laboratory, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. Rosebro@ANRI.BARC.USDA.GOV

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Toxicology & Pharmacology : CBP
|February 3, 2005
PubMed
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Hypothyroidism in chickens reduced lipid metabolism and malic enzyme activity. Triiodothyronine (T3) supplementation initially restored these but prolonged T3 altered lipid synthesis, indicating the thyroid state dictates T3 response.

Area of Science:

  • Animal Physiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in regulating lipid metabolism.
  • Understanding the interplay between thyroid status and metabolic gene expression is vital for animal health and productivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between lipid metabolism indices and gene expression in methimazole-induced hypothyroid chickens.
  • To determine the effects of triiodothyronine (T3) supplementation on lipid metabolism and related gene expression in chickens.

Main Methods:

  • Male broiler chickens were fed diets with or without methimazole to induce hypothyroidism.
  • Subsequent T3 supplementation was administered for varying durations.
  • Measurements included in vitro lipogenesis (IVL), malic enzyme (ME) activity, and gene expression of ME, fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC).

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Main Results:

  • Methimazole-induced hypothyroidism decreased IVL and ME activity and ME gene expression.
  • Short-term T3 supplementation restored IVL and ME activity, but prolonged supplementation paradoxically decreased IVL in hypothyroid birds.
  • T3 supplementation decreased IVL in euthyroid birds without affecting ME activity, and the relationship between ME enzyme activity and gene expression was transient upon T3 restoration.

Conclusions:

  • The thyroid state of the animal is a critical determinant of the response to exogenous T3.
  • Metabolic adaptations to T3 occur rapidly (2-5 days), preceding morphological changes.
  • These findings help reconcile apparent discrepancies in lipid metabolism observed under altered thyroid states.