Physiological responses to sulfide toxicity by the air-breathing catfish, Hoplosternum littorale (Siluriformes, Callichthyidae)
Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 3, 2026

Quantifying Fish Swimming Behavior in Response to Acute Exposure of Aqueous Copper Using Computer Assisted Video and Digital Image Analysis
Published on: February 26, 2016
E G Affonso1, V L P Polez, C F Corrêa
1Department of Aquaculture, National Research Institute of Amazon, Av. André Araújo, 2936, P.O. Box 478, 69083-000-Manaus, AM, Brazil. pgusmao@inpa.gov.br
Abstract:
Hemolytic anemia accompanied by changes in the immunology system is one of the sulfide intoxication harmful effects on Hoplosternum littorale. Hematological parameters are considered as effective indicators of stress caused by this hydrogen sulfide. During sulfide exposure, H. littorale neither alters the methemoglobin concentration nor forms sulfhemoglobin in the presence of high levels of dissolved sulfide in the water. Cytochrome c oxidase shows little activity in the gills and blood of H. littorale when exposed to sulfide. Alternative metabolic routes are suggested through which the accumulation of pyruvate leads to the formation of an end product other than lactate.
Related Concept Videos
Osmoregulation in Fishes
Responses to Salt Stress
Acid Mine Drainage

