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Leptospiral pneumonia.

Sunil Karande1, Nitin Satam, Madhuri Kulkarni

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Sion, Mumbai, India. karandesunil@yahoo.com

Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|February 3, 2005
PubMed
Summary
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Severe leptospirosis can manifest primarily in the lungs, even without jaundice or kidney issues. Early suspicion and prompt penicillin treatment led to a full recovery in a pediatric case of pulmonary leptospirosis.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pediatrics
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Severe leptospirosis typically involves jaundice and renal dysfunction.
  • Primary pulmonary manifestations without systemic signs are rare in leptospirosis.

Observation:

  • A 9-year-old boy presented with acute fever, myalgia, headache, chest pain, hemoptysis, and vomiting.
  • Chest imaging revealed right upper lobe consolidation with air bronchograms.
  • Conjunctival suffusion and a history of sewage water contact raised suspicion for leptospirosis.

Findings:

  • The patient received prompt parenteral penicillin therapy, leading to resolution of symptoms within five days.
  • Diagnostic tests confirmed leptospirosis, including a positive Dri-Dot test and a fourfold rise in antibody titer for Leptospira interrogans serovar Australis.

Related Experiment Videos

  • The case highlights a rare presentation of severe leptospirosis with primary pulmonary hemorrhage.

    • Implications:

    • Early clinical suspicion of alveolar hemorrhage is vital for timely diagnosis and treatment of leptospirosis.
    • Prompt antibiotic therapy can significantly improve outcomes in severe pulmonary leptospirosis.
    • This case underscores the importance of considering atypical presentations of infectious diseases in pediatric patients.