Effects of cryopreservation and thawing on the structure of vascular segment

The objective of this study was to analyze the importance of the quality of the vascular segment to be cryopreserved and the influence of storage in a gas phase, a liquid phase, or after accidental immersion in liquid nitrogen. In addition, we investigated the effects of rapid versus slow thawing on the occurrence of fractures and changes in the structure of the vessel wall. The tissue sources were whole thoracic and abdominal aortas from 15 pigs. Each aorta was cut into equal segments and randomly assigned to each study group. One segment of fresh unfrozen aorta of the same size was used as a control. The samples were cryopreserved using a programmed apparatus. After 2 weeks the arterial segments were thawed rapidly or slowly. A great variation in the results was obtained depending on the quality of the control. Although endothelial cells were better preserved in the liquid phase, the internal elastic lamina and elastic lamelli showed better preservation and fewer microfractures in the gas phase. The internal elastic lamina showed a greater number of microfractures when an accidental immersion in liquid nitrogen had taken place. Furthermore, better preservation of the structure of the vascular segment was observed with a slow thawing method. In general, the conditions of storage and the method of thawing seem to damage the structure of vascular segments. It is necessary to use a severe protocol of donor and vascular segment selection to optimize the post-thaw quality of the cryopreserved samples.