Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 19, 2026

Modeling Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury in Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells
Published on: November 21, 2025
Prediction of iopromide reduction rates during haemodialysis using an in vitro dialysis system
Tomohisa Teraoka1, Takao Sugai, Sunao Nakamura
1Department of Drug Information and Communication, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8675, Japan. tera@p.chiba-u.ac.jp
Background:
In clinical studies, it has been difficult to evaluate the influence of haemodialysis (HD) parameters on HD clearance (CL(HD)) and reduction rate (RR) of non-ionic contrast medium during HD sessions. We therefore predicted clinical values of CL(HD) and RR of iopromide, a non-ionic contrast medium, from findings obtained from in vitro experiments, and confirmed that these predictive values were comparable with the actual values in clinical cases.
Methods:
We developed a correlation equation for predicting CL(HD) on the basis of in vitro HD experiments by varying blood flow rates between 100 and 200 ml/min with a cuprammonium rayon dialyser (AM-SD-10H). Total body clearance of iopromide (CL(PT)) was estimated by the Cockroft-Gault equation. The volume of distribution (V(d)) was obtained from the reported value. By using the HD and three pharmacokinetic parameters (CL(HD), CL(PT) and V(d)), we predicted CL(HD) and RR for seven patients undergoing HD after the administration of iopromide.
Results:
In the in vitro study, the mean values (+/-SD) of iopromide clearance at blood flow rates of 100, 150 and 200 ml/min were 45.35 (2.54), 53.88 (6.46) and 57.61 (4.72) ml/min, respectively. There were highly significant correlations between clearance and blood flow rate (r = 0.975). Although the predicted CL(HD) showed a tendency towards underestimation, a good correlation was found. Predicted RR values were similar to observed values except for one case.
Conclusion:
The in vitro model used in the present study provides pertinent information about CL(HD) and is helpful for predicting RR during HD in individual patients undergoing HD.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Dialysis
Dialysis
Acute kidney injury develops suddenly and can be caused by pre-renal causes (e.g., hypovolemia, shock), intrinsic renal causes (e.g., acute tubular necrosis), or post-renal causes (e.g., urinary obstruction). In contrast, chronic renal failure progresses gradually over time and is often...
Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Dose Adjustments Based on Drug Clearance and Elimination Rate Constant
One-Compartment Model: IV Infusion
The one-compartment model for IV infusion uses mathematical equations to describe the rate of change in drug quantity in the body. At steady-state or infusion equilibrium, the drug input...
Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis
Peritoneal Dialysis I: Introduction and Procedure
