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Published on: June 21, 2021
Thioredoxin: a multifunctional antioxidant enzyme in kidney, heart and vessels
Hideyuki Yamawaki1, Bradford C Berk
1Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
Purpose Of Review:
Recent studies indicate that an imbalance in cell redox state alters multiple cell pathways that may contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders including hypertension and renal failure.
Recent Findings:
The thioredoxin system (thioredoxin, thioredoxin reductase, and NADPH) is a ubiquitous thiol oxidoreductase system that regulates cellular reduction/oxidation (redox) status. Thioredoxin plays an essential role in cell function by limiting oxidative stress directly via antioxidant effects and indirectly by protein-protein interactions with key signaling molecules such as thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP). Examples include the findings that hyperglycemia and diabetes induce TXNIP and decrease thioredoxin activity, while steady blood flow decreases TXNIP and increases thioredoxin activity.
Summary:
Based on these findings we propose that thioredoxin and its endogenous regulators represent important future targets to develop clinical therapies for diseases associated with oxidative stress.
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