Sevoflurane and emergence behavioral changes in pediatrics.

Area of Science:

• Anesthesiology
• Pediatric Anesthesia
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Sevoflurane is now the primary inhaled anesthetic for pediatric patients, largely replacing halothane.
• Its advantages include rapid induction/emergence, a non-pungent odor for mask induction, and reduced airway irritation, decreasing bronchospasm and laryngospasm.
• However, sevoflurane is associated with potential side effects such as seizures, elevated plasma inorganic fluoride and compound A, and increased emergence delirium.

Purpose of the Study:

• To educate perianesthesia nurses about the common complication of emergence behavioral changes associated with sevoflurane use in pediatric patients.

Main Methods:

• This article is a review and informational piece for perianesthesia nurses.
• It synthesizes current knowledge on sevoflurane's side effect profile, specifically focusing on emergence delirium.

Main Results:

• Sevoflurane offers significant benefits in pediatric anesthesia, including faster recovery and better patient tolerance during induction.
• A notable drawback is the increased incidence of emergence delirium, a behavioral change observed upon waking from anesthesia.
• Other potential adverse effects include seizures and biochemical changes related to fluoride and compound A.

Conclusions:

• Perianesthesia nurses must be aware of the potential for emergence delirium when administering sevoflurane to pediatric patients.
• Understanding these behavioral changes is crucial for appropriate patient management and care post-anesthesia.
• While sevoflurane is a valuable anesthetic, vigilance for its specific side effects is essential for optimal patient outcomes.