Congenital alopecia areata

Alopecia areata, the alleged autoimmune process leading to nonscarring hair loss, is not uncommon. It has been classified as an acquired cause of alopecia; however, recently it has been reported in the neonatal period. We report 4 cases of congenital alopecia areata with follow-up from 3 to 5 years. The diagnosis was made clinically in all cases. All patients had prolonged periods of quiescence of hair loss ranging from 6 to 24 months. Treatments used included minoxidil 2% and a range of topical steroids including hydrocortisone 1%, betamethasone valerate 0.05%, fluocinonide 0.05%, and clobetasol propionate 0.05%. The best regrowth observed resulted from the use of clobetasol propionate 0.05%, giving full regrowth in 50% of those treated. Alopecia areata can occur at all ages and, thus, can be classified as both an acquired and a congenital disorder resulting in hair loss.