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Acute human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Shao-Tsung Huang1, Hsin-Chun Lee, Kung-Hung Liu

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.

Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection = Wei Mian Yu Gan Ran Za Zhi
|February 5, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Acute human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection can mimic other illnesses, often leading to misdiagnosis. Early recognition is crucial, especially when antibody tests are negative but viral load is high.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Acute human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection presents with diverse clinical symptoms.
  • Early diagnosis is often challenging due to non-specific manifestations.
  • Delayed diagnosis can impact patient outcomes and transmission dynamics.

Observation:

  • Reported are three cases of acute HIV-1 infection.
  • Patients presented with symptoms like fever, rash, sore throat, and lymphadenopathy.
  • Initial HIV-1 antibody assays were negative or indeterminate, despite high plasma HIV-1 RNA levels.

Findings:

  • One case mimicked infectious mononucleosis.
  • Another presented as aseptic meningitis.
  • The third case resembled acute tonsillitis.

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Implications:

  • Clinicians must maintain a high index of suspicion for acute HIV-1 infection.
  • Unexplained fever, rash, or lymphadenopathy warrant consideration of acute HIV-1.
  • Prompt diagnosis and management are essential for patient care and public health.