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Update on MALT lymphomas.

Peter G Isaacson1

  • 1Department of Histopathology, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, UK. p.isaacson@ucl.ac.uk

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Haematology
|February 8, 2005
PubMed
Summary
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Gastric mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, often caused by Helicobacter pylori, shows regression after H. pylori eradication in most cases. Genetic alterations, including specific translocations, identify therapy-resistant lymphomas and target the NF-kappaB pathway.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Gastric mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma originates from MALT acquired due to Helicobacter pylori infection.
  • H. pylori eradication leads to clinical regression in approximately 75% of MALT lymphoma cases.
  • Understanding therapy resistance and MALT lymphoma biology necessitates investigating genetic alterations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify genetic alterations in MALT lymphomas.
  • To understand the biological mechanisms underlying MALT lymphoma.
  • To identify factors predicting resistance to H. pylori eradication therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Investigation of genetic alterations in MALT lymphomas.
  • Identification of specific chromosomal translocations: t(11;18)(q21;q21), t(1;14)(p22;q32), and t(14;18)(q32;q21).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of genes involved in these translocations, including API2, MALT1, and BCL10.

    • Main Results:

    • Three specific translocations, t(11;18), t(1;14), and t(14;18), are associated with MALT lymphoma.
    • The t(11;18) translocation creates an API2-MALT1 fusion gene and is linked to gastric MALT lymphomas resistant to H. pylori eradication.
    • T(1;14) and t(14;18) deregulate BCL10 and MALT1 expression, respectively.

    Conclusions:

    • The identified chromosomal translocations involve distinct genes but converge on the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) oncogenic pathway.
    • These genetic alterations provide insights into MALT lymphoma pathogenesis and resistance mechanisms.
    • Targeting the NF-kappaB pathway may be a therapeutic strategy for resistant MALT lymphomas.