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Related Experiment Videos

Slow drag in two-dimensional granular media.

Junfei Geng1, R P Behringer

  • 1Department of Physics and Center for Nonlinear and Complex Systems, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0305, USA.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|February 9, 2005
PubMed
Summary

The drag force on a moving object in granular materials is dominated by force chains, showing fluctuations. Mean drag increases with packing fraction and logarithmically with velocity, exhibiting statistical invariance across various physical quantities.

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Area of Science:

  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Granular Materials Science
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Granular materials exhibit complex behaviors due to inter-particle interactions.
  • Drag force in granular media is influenced by particle arrangements and system dynamics.
  • Understanding force chain structures is crucial for predicting material response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the drag force experienced by an object moving through a 2D granular material.
  • To analyze the influence of packing fraction, drag velocity, and tracer size on drag force.
  • To explore the statistical properties and scaling behaviors of the system.

Main Methods:

  • Simulations of a tracer particle moving at constant velocity in a 2D bidisperse granular system.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of drag force, force chain structures, and related physical quantities.
  • Comparison with simple failure models to interpret experimental observations.

    • Main Results:

    • Mean drag force scales as a power law (exponent 1.5) with reduced packing fraction near critical packing.
    • Mean drag force shows logarithmic dependence on drag velocity, indicating weak rate dependence.
    • System exhibits statistical invariance with collapsing force distributions, power spectra, and avalanche distributions under appropriate scaling.

    Conclusions:

    • Drag force fluctuations are linked to the formation and breaking of force chains.
    • Simple failure models can reproduce key experimental observations, including power-law spectra and exponential distributions.
    • Inclusion of slow relaxation of force chain networks explains the logarithmic increase of drag force with rate.