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High-frequency longitudinal and transverse dynamics in water.

E Pontecorvo1, M Krisch, A Cunsolo

  • 1Dipartimento di Fisica and INFM, Universitá di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185, Roma, Italy.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|February 9, 2005
PubMed
Summary

High-resolution x-ray scattering reveals liquid water dynamics are governed by structural relaxation. Sound velocity transitions from adiabatic to infinite-frequency, and a transverse dynamics signature disappears in the viscous regime.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Physical chemistry
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Liquid water exhibits complex dynamics influenced by temperature and pressure.
  • Previous studies using inelastic x-ray and neutron scattering indicated two inelastic contributions to its dynamic structure factor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamic structure factor S(Q,ω) of liquid water across a range of thermodynamic conditions.
  • To elucidate the nature of the observed inelastic contributions and their relationship to water's structural relaxation and sound propagation.

Main Methods:

  • High-resolution inelastic x-ray scattering (HRIXS) measurements.
  • Systematic variation of wave vectors (Q) from 4 to 30 nm⁻¹.
  • Measurements performed at temperatures from 263 to 420 K and pressures up to 2 kbar.

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Main Results:

  • Confirmed the presence of two inelastic contributions: one Q-dispersing and one nearly nondispersive.
  • Demonstrated that the Q-dispersing mode, linked to longitudinal dynamics, shows a transition from adiabatic to infinite-frequency sound velocity.
  • Observed the disappearance of the weakly dispersing feature in the viscous regime, identifying it as a signature of transverse dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • The dynamics of liquid water are predominantly controlled by structural relaxation processes.
  • The observed excitations provide insights into the viscoelastic behavior and sound propagation in water.
  • The findings offer a clear identification of transverse dynamics contributions in liquid water's dynamic structure factor.