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Velocity profiles in repulsive athermal systems under shear.

Ning Xu1, Corey S O'Hern, Lou Kondic

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8284, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|February 9, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Athermal systems exhibit nonlinear velocity profiles under shear flow above a critical wall velocity. This transition is influenced by system dynamics and packing fraction, revealing spatial variations in dilation and velocity fluctuations near boundaries.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Computational Science

Background:

  • Athermal systems lack inherent thermal fluctuations.
  • Shear flow in materials can induce complex behaviors.
  • Understanding boundary effects is crucial for material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate nonlinear phenomena in athermal systems under shear.
  • Characterize the critical shear velocity (u(c)) for nonlinear profiles.
  • Analyze the impact of system dynamics and packing fraction on flow behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular dynamics simulations in 2D and 3D.
  • Simulations of boundary-driven planar shear flow.
  • Analysis of velocity, packing fraction, and velocity fluctuation profiles.

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Main Results:

  • Nonlinear mean velocity profiles emerge above a critical shear velocity (u(c)).
  • Spatially dependent profiles for packing fraction and velocity fluctuations near the boundary.
  • Weak dependence of u(c) on packing fraction (phi) in overdamped systems.
  • Shear wave speed determines u(c) in underdamped systems, approaching zero near random close packing (phi(c)).

Conclusions:

  • Underdamped systems with phi
  • System dynamics significantly influence the onset of nonlinear flow behavior.
  • Spatial heterogeneity develops near the shearing boundary above u(c).