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Updated: Aug 19, 2026
Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping and Biopsy for Endometrial Cancer at Early Stage with Laparoscopy
Published on: August 19, 2021
Sentinel node biopsy can replace four-node-sampling in staging early breast cancer
T Agarwal1, S K Kakkos, D A Cunningham
1Breast Unit, St. Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London W2 1NY, UK.
Aim:
Four-node axillary sampling for breast cancer is an established method of staging the axilla in the United Kingdom. We report the sensitivity of sentinel node (SN) biopsy and compare it with that of four-node sampling.
Methods:
SN identification was attempted in 234 consecutive patients with unifocal breast cancers up to 25 mm in diameter on pre-operative ultrasound. A combination of isotope-labelled nanocolloid and patent blue dye techniques were used and SN were identified in 221 (94.5%). All patients underwent back-up four-node sampling and those with positive sentinel nodes on frozen section (FS) underwent immediate full axillary clearance.
Results:
Among those patients who had SN successfully identified, an average of 1.38 SN were identified per patient. Histological examination of the SN alone would have identified all node-positive patients that the four-node sample identified.
Conclusion:
In patients who have SN identified, four-node axillary sampling does not provide any additional information.
