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Cerebral structural changes in severe obstructive sleep apnea.

Fergal J O'Donoghue1, Regula S Briellmann, Peter D Rochford

  • 1Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Heidelberg 3081 West, Australia. fandtod@bigpond.net.au

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
|February 9, 2005
PubMed
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Severe obstructive sleep apnea does not cause gray matter brain volume deficits. Continuous positive airway pressure treatment did not alter brain structure, though whole brain volume slightly decreased.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is linked to neuropsychological deficits.
  • Respiratory control defects in OSA may contribute to pathogenesis.
  • Structural brain changes might underlie OSA-related functional abnormalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate gray matter volume changes in patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea.
  • To assess the impact of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment on brain structure.

Main Methods:

  • T1-weighted brain MRI scans were performed on 27 male patients with severe OSA and 24 controls.
  • Voxel-based morphometry and manual volumetric analysis were used.
  • Repeat imaging was conducted after 6 months of CPAP treatment for 23 patients.

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • No significant gray matter volume deficits or focal structural changes were detected in severe OSA patients.
  • No differences were observed in hippocampal, temporal lobe, or whole brain volumes.
  • CPAP treatment did not induce longitudinal changes in gray matter density or regional volumes, but a slight decrease in whole brain volume was noted.

Conclusions:

  • Severe obstructive sleep apnea is not associated with gray matter volume deficits or focal structural brain changes.
  • CPAP treatment did not reverse or cause structural brain changes, apart from a minor whole brain volume reduction.