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Systemic spindle-cell proliferative disease in broiler chickens.

Shigeaki Takami1, Masanobu Goryo, Toshiaki Masegi

  • 1Department of Pathogenic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, Japan.

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science
|February 9, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Spindle-cell proliferative disease (SPD) in broiler chickens is characterized by tumorous lesions. Avian leukosis virus antigens were detected in SPD lesions, suggesting a viral cause for this chicken disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Pathology
  • Avian Diseases
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Spindle-cell proliferative disease (SPD) is a neoplastic condition observed in broiler chickens.
  • Tumorous lesions distributed throughout the body necessitate investigation into the etiology and pathology of SPD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To histopathologically and immunohistochemically examine broiler chickens with suspected SPD.
  • To identify the causative agent or contributing factors of SPD in broiler chickens.

Main Methods:

  • Collection and examination of major organs and tissues from broiler chickens with suspected SPD.
  • Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed on affected tissues.
  • Experimental inoculation of specific pathogen-free chicks with affected spleen homogenate.

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Main Results:

  • SPD was diagnosed in all examined broiler chickens, with lesions found in multiple organs including liver, spleen, kidney, and bone marrow.
  • Experimental inoculation reproduced SPD-like lesions in a susceptible chick.
  • Immunohistochemistry revealed positive reactions with avian leukosis virus (ALV) antigens in SPD lesions and hemangioma cells.

Conclusions:

  • The findings support a diagnosis of SPD in broiler chickens with characteristic proliferative lesions.
  • Avian leukosis virus antigens are associated with SPD, suggesting a potential viral etiology.
  • Further research into ALV's role in SPD pathogenesis is warranted.