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Gastrointestinal parasite and host interactions.

Terez Shea-Donohue1, Joseph F Urban

  • 1US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Nutrient Requirements and Functions Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA. tshea@usuhs.mil

Current Opinion in Gastroenterology
|February 11, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Enteric helminth infections modulate the immune system, offering protection against allergies and inflammatory diseases. Understanding these host-parasite interactions can lead to new therapeutic strategies for immune-mediated conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Parasitology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Enteric nematode parasites are a significant global health concern.
  • Reduced parasite infection is linked to increased inflammatory diseases in industrialized nations.
  • Helminth infections paradoxically protect against Th2-mediated allergic reactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate Th2-mediated immunity mechanisms in response to enteric parasites.
  • Explore how host-parasite interactions can be therapeutically targeted.
  • Understand the functional consequences of upregulated Th2 immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of studies using enteral parasitic infections.
  • Analysis of host-parasite interactions.
  • Investigation of immune response pathways.

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Main Results:

  • Enteric helminth infection improved inflammatory bowel disease indices and reduced allergic pulmonary changes.
  • Interleukin-10, -18, -9, chemokines, and NF-κB activation play roles in host immunity.
  • Interleukin-13Rα2 receptor downregulates Th2 responses; Th2 cytokines promote worm expulsion via Stat6.

Conclusions:

  • Further understanding of host-parasite interactions is crucial for developing novel therapeutics.
  • Identifying critical mediators of host resistance and susceptibility factors is key.
  • Investigating the impact of enteric parasites on intestinal function offers therapeutic promise.