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Stopped-pipe wind instruments: acoustics of the panpipes
1Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra 0200, Australia. neville.fletcher@anu.edu.au
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|February 12, 2005
Summary
This study examines the fluid dynamics of jet-excited musical instruments like panpipes. Analysis reveals how jet offset generates even harmonics, explaining the rich sound of these ancient instruments.
Area of Science:
- Acoustics
- Fluid Dynamics
- Musical Instrument Science
Background:
- Stopped-pipe instruments, such as panpipes (syrinx), are found globally.
- These instruments use graduated pipes excited by blowing across open tops.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the aerodynamics of jet excitation in stopped-pipe instruments.
- To explain the generation of even harmonics in higher musical notes.
Main Methods:
- Theoretical analysis of jet dynamics and offset control.
- Experimental measurements on a player performing the instrument.
Main Results:
- Fluid dynamics control jet offset, generating significant even-harmonic excitation.
- Observed even harmonic amplitudes approach those of odd harmonics.
Conclusions:
- The study explains the acoustic properties of panpipes through fluid dynamics.
- Theoretical predictions are validated by experimental data from a musician.