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Plasmodium vivax malaria.

Dhanpat K Kochar1, Vishal Saxena, Narvachan Singh

  • 1Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner 334 003, Rajasthan, India. drdkkochar@indiatimes.com

Emerging Infectious Diseases
|February 12, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Severe Plasmodium vivax malaria cases were identified in Bikaner, India. Patients presented with critical complications including cerebral malaria and acute respiratory distress syndrome, underscoring the severity of this Plasmodium vivax strain.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Tropical Medicine
  • Parasitology

Background:

  • Plasmodium vivax is a significant cause of malaria globally.
  • Understanding the clinical spectrum of P. vivax malaria is crucial for effective patient management.
  • Severe malaria presentations are less commonly associated with P. vivax compared to P. falciparum.

Observation:

  • Eleven cases of severe Plasmodium vivax malaria were documented in Bikaner, western India.
  • Patients displayed a range of severe manifestations, including cerebral malaria, renal failure, circulatory collapse, severe anemia, hemoglobinuria, abnormal bleeding, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and jaundice.
  • Diagnostic methods confirmed the presence of P. vivax and the absence of P. falciparum in all reported cases.

Findings:

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  • The study confirms Plasmodium vivax as a cause of severe malaria with life-threatening complications.
  • The clinical presentation in these cases mimicked severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria.
  • Diagnostic confirmation relied on peripheral blood microscopy, antigen-based assays, and 18s rRNA gene-based PCR.

    • Implications:

    • These findings highlight the potential for severe and fatal outcomes from Plasmodium vivax malaria, challenging previous assumptions.
    • Increased vigilance and prompt diagnosis of severe P. vivax malaria are warranted in endemic and non-endemic regions.
    • Further research into the pathobiology and treatment of severe P. vivax malaria is essential.