[Squamous cell carcinoma in a thyroglossal duct cyst]

Area of Science:

• Head and Neck Surgery
• Surgical Oncology
• Thyroid and Neck Pathology

Background:

• Thyroglossal duct cysts (TDCs) are common congenital anomalies, typically managed in childhood.
• While recurrent infections are the primary indication for TDC resection, malignant transformation is a rare but serious complication.
• Delayed management of TDCs may increase the risk of developing cancer.

Observation:

• A 55-year-old woman presented with a TDC that had been present since childhood.
• Malignant degeneration was suspected due to increased cyst volume and cervical pain.
• Surgical resection was complicated by involvement of the carotid artery and larynx.

Findings:

• The patient underwent incomplete surgery followed by postoperative radiotherapy.
• Palliative chemotherapy was administered for local progression at two years.
• This case highlights the underestimation of malignant transformation risk in TDCs.

Implications:

• Early surgical intervention for TDCs in childhood is essential for preventing malignant degeneration.
• Prompt diagnosis and comprehensive treatment are vital for managing carcinoma arising from TDCs.
• This case underscores the importance of considering malignancy in adult TDCs with concerning symptoms.