Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 19, 2026

Upper-extremity Approach for Secondary Access in Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Published on: August 8, 2025
Adjusted transfusion triggers improve transfusion practice in orthopaedic surgery
G B Eindhoven1, R L Diercks, F J Richardson
1Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Although blood transfusion has never been safer, there remains concern about adverse effects. We designed guidelines, the 6-8-10-Flexinorm, based on the conditions which are relevant to the decision to transfuse. To evaluate these new guidelines, we performed a case-control study in patients undergoing elective primary total hip replacement. The study consisted of two parts. In the first part, physicians were strongly encouraged to use the new guidelines; in the second part, only registration took place. During the first and second part of the study, the use of packed red cells (PRC) in Hospital A (study hospital) decreased from 1.1 +/- 1.5 to 0.6 +/- 1.2 and 0.3 +/- 0.9 units, whereas in Hospital B (control), the use of PRC remained unchanged (1 +/- 1.5, 1 +/- 1.7 and 1 +/- 2 units). In the prestudy groups, 43% of the patients in Hospital A were transfused compared to 45% in Hospital B. In the first and second part of the study, 27%, respectively, 14% of the patients in Hospital A were transfused compared to 40% in both periods in Hospital B. The new guidelines lead to a reduction in the use of allogeneic blood and a decrease in the number of patients transfused.
Although blood transfusion has never been safer, there remains concern about adverse effects. We designed guidelines, the 6-8-10-Flexinorm, based on the conditions which are relevant to the decision to transfuse. To evaluate these new guidelines, we performed a case-control study in patients undergoing elective primary total hip replacement. The study consisted of two parts. In the first part, physicians were strongly encouraged to use the new guidelines; in the second part, only registration took place. During the first and second part of the study, the use of packed red cells (PRC) in Hospital A (study hospital) decreased from 1.1 +/- 1.5 to 0.6 +/- 1.2 and 0.3 +/- 0.9 units, whereas in Hospital B (control), the use of PRC remained unchanged (1 +/- 1.5, 1 +/- 1.7 and 1 +/- 2 units). In the prestudy groups, 43% of the patients in Hospital A were transfused compared to 45% in Hospital B. In the first and second part of the study, 27%, respectively, 14% of the patients in Hospital A were transfused compared to 40% in both periods in Hospital B. The new guidelines lead to a reduction in the use of allogeneic blood and a decrease in the number of patients transfused.
Related Concept Videos
Blood Transfusion
Blood Transfusion Overview
A blood transfusion is a medical procedure used to replace blood lost due to injury, surgery, or to treat conditions such as anemia or cancer. During a transfusion, donor blood is...
Blood Transfusion and Agglutination
History
The history of blood transfusion dates back to the 17th century, when early attempts were made in animals. In 1818 James Blundell, a British doctor, performed the first successful human blood transfusion. Later in 1900, Karl...
Tissue Transplantation
The Biology of Tissue Transplantation
The biology of tissue transplantation hinges on the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules. These molecules...
Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants
The transplant begins with high doses of chemotherapy and radiation treatment, which aim to destroy the...