Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 19, 2026

Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria
Published on: February 23, 2014
[Risk factors for community acquired pneumonia (CAP). A systematic review]
Y Kohlhammer1, M Schwartz, H Raspe
1Institut für Sozialmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck. yvonne.kohlhammer@sozmed.uni-luebeck.de
Background And Objective:
Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the most frequent mortal infectious disease in the western industrial countries. So far no detailed information about incidence, pathogenetic agents, medical service and risk factors existed within Germany. This article reviews international studies, which identified risk factors for CAP.
Method:
The MEDLINE database search comprised 743 articles from 1966 to December 2003. Ten published studies analysing risk factors for CAP were included in this study.
Results:
Age, gender, smoking and chronic lung diseases ranged among the leading risk factors. Other variables, like medication, dangerous substances, alcohol or sociodemographic factors have so far been insufficiently proved.
Conclusion:
Comparable data concerning CAP in Germany are currently inadequate. In order to improve the data situation, in 2002, the Community Acquired Pneumonia NETwork (CAPNET) was established. CAPNET assembles and soon intends to publish detailed information about incidence and risk factors of Community Acquired Pneumonia.
Related Concept Videos
Pneumonia I: Introduction
Pneumonia I: Introduction
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment
Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed.
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...
Atypical Pneumonia