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Published on: February 2, 2021

Clinical profile and outcome of acute renal failure in South Indian children

Indira Agarwal1, Chellam Kirubakaran, V Markandeyulu

  • 1Department of Child Health, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632004.

Journal of the Indian Medical Association
|February 19, 2005
PubMed

Insights

Acute renal failure in children is often caused by gastroenteritis and sepsis, leading to high mortality. Factors like hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, and high creatinine levels are associated with poor outcomes in pediatric acute kidney injury.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Acute renal failure (ARF) in children presents a significant health challenge.
  • Identifying risk factors for poor outcomes is crucial for improving pediatric ARF management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the clinical characteristics of children hospitalized with acute renal failure.
  • To determine factors associated with adverse outcomes in pediatric ARF.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 54 children (1 month to 12 years) diagnosed with ARF.
  • Assessment of precipitating causes, presenting symptoms, treatment interventions, and biochemical parameters.
  • Correlation of clinical and biochemical findings with patient outcomes, including mortality.

Main Results:

  • Gastroenteritis (85%) was the leading cause, followed by underlying renal pathology (43%) and sepsis (22%).
  • High mortality (52%) was observed, with sepsis (83% mortality) and need for ventilation (100% mortality) being significant contributors.
  • Electrolyte imbalances (hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, hypernatremia) and elevated creatinine levels were strongly associated with increased mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric ARF, often precipitated by gastroenteritis and sepsis, carries a high mortality rate.
  • Underlying renal pathology and sepsis significantly worsen morbidity and mortality.
  • Close monitoring of biochemical parameters like potassium and creatinine is essential for predicting outcomes in pediatric ARF.

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