Relationship between shell structure and movement of Salmonella enteritidis across the eggshell wall

1. Ultrastructural analyses of the eggshells of one strain of commercial layers indicated that the cuticular layer is rarely present as an even covering over the shell surface and the paired shell membranes are invariably pitted with holes larger than bacterial dimensions. 2. The above conditions pertain irrespective of the age of the laying bird. 3. Bacterial penetration of the eggshell is independent of pore numbers. 4. In the absence of a functional cuticle and with the shell membranes removed, bacteria are checked in their movement by structural modifications in the mammillary layer.