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Infectious causes of multiple sclerosis.

Donald H Gilden1

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, USA. don.gilden@uchsc.edu <don.gilden@uchsc.edu>

The Lancet. Neurology
|February 22, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an acquired neurological disorder likely caused by a virus. Research shows specific immune responses in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of MS patients, suggesting a viral antigen target.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Virology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating and inflammatory disorder.
  • Epidemiological studies and twin discordance suggest MS is acquired, with viral infection being a leading hypothesis.
  • Elevated IgG with oligoclonal bands in the CNS of MS patients indicates an antigen-driven immune response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential viral etiology of multiple sclerosis.
  • To investigate the immune response in the CNS of MS patients for evidence of viral antigen specificity.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of IgG gene specificity in brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from MS patients.
  • Examination of molecular features indicative of an antigen-driven immune response, such as clonal amplification and somatic mutations.

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Main Results:

  • Molecular analysis revealed features of an antigen-driven immune response in the IgG from MS patients' CNS.
  • Evidence of clonal amplification and extensive somatic mutations in IgG genes suggests a specific target.

Conclusions:

  • The immune response in multiple sclerosis brain and CSF exhibits characteristics of a specific, antigen-driven process.
  • Identifying the specific viral antigen targeted by the IgG in MS patients is a crucial next step.