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Cholecystokinin A receptor gene promoter polymorphism and intelligence
Hiroshi Shimokata1, Fujiko Ando, Naoakira Niino
1Department of Epidemiology, National Institute for Longevity Sciences, Obu Aichi, Japan. hiroshi@nils.go.jp
Annals of Epidemiology
|February 23, 2005
Summary
Genetic variations in the Cholecystokinin A receptor (CCKAR) gene promoter were associated with intelligence quotient (IQ) in Japanese adults. Specific CCKAR gene polymorphisms showed statistically significant differences in IQ levels.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Genetics
- Human Biology
Background:
- The Cholecystokinin A receptor (CCKAR) plays a role in various physiological processes.
- Understanding the genetic underpinnings of human intelligence is a key area of research.
- CCKAR gene variations may influence cognitive functions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between specific Cholecystokinin A receptor (CCKAR) gene promoter genotypes and intelligence.
- To determine if CCKAR gene polymorphisms correlate with intelligence quotient (IQ) in a community-living population.
Main Methods:
- A cohort of 2251 Japanese men and women (aged 40-79) was studied.
- CCKAR gene promoter polymorphisms (A-81G and G-128T) were genotyped.
- Intelligence was assessed using the Japanese Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales - Revised Short Forms (JWAIS-R SF).
Main Results:
- Both A-81G and G-128T CCKAR genotypes were significantly associated with IQ.
- Individuals with the wild-type allele at nucleotide -128 had higher IQs than those with the mutation allele.
- IQ significantly decreased with an increasing number of mutation alleles in CCKAR haplotypes.
Conclusions:
- Statistically significant differences in IQ were observed for CCKAR gene promoter polymorphisms A-81G and G-128T.
- These findings suggest a genetic link between CCKAR variations and intelligence in the studied Japanese population.