Precocious pubarche is associated with SGA, prematurity, weight gain, and obesity

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Endocrinology
• Developmental Pediatrics
• Reproductive Health

Background:

• Perinatal stress is implicated in low birth weight and its sequelae, including precocious pubarche.
• Precocious pubarche, the early onset of puberty, may be a manifestation of Barker sequelae.
• Understanding risk factors for precocious pubarche is crucial for early intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate if prematurity and smallness for gestational age (SGA) predispose children to precocious pubarche.
• To examine the role of excess weight gain during childhood in the development of precocious pubarche.
• To identify key risk factors associated with precocious pubarche.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective chart review of 89 children diagnosed with precocious pubarche.
• Analysis of birth parameters including gestational age and birth weight (SGA vs. appropriate for gestational age - AGA).
• Assessment of weight status and weight gain trajectory from birth to diagnosis.

Main Results:

• A significant proportion of children (65%) were overweight/obese at diagnosis, compared to the general population.
• History of SGA (35%) and prematurity (24%) were common among children with precocious pubarche.
• Weight SDS increased significantly from birth to diagnosis in 91% of children, with a greater increase observed in SGA individuals.

Conclusions:

• Prematurity and SGA are associated with an increased risk of precocious pubarche.
• Overweight/obesity is a significant risk factor for precocious pubarche, independent of birth size or gestation.
• Excessive weight gain during childhood may be a critical factor predisposing susceptible individuals to precocious pubarche.