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Related Concept Videos

Cancer02:18

Cancer

Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell02:21

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell

Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Cancer Cell Migration through Invadopodia01:35

Cancer Cell Migration through Invadopodia

Invadosome is a broad category of cell surface structures with proteolytic activity that  degrades the extracellular matrix (ECM). Invadosomes are present in normal cell types, including macrophages, endothelial cells, and neurons, as well as tumor cells. Although the macrophage podosomes and tumor cell invadopodia are classified as invadosomes, they have different structures, molecular pathways, and functions. Podosomes are short structures that last for a few minutes. However, invadopodia can...
Cellular Adaptation IV: Dysplasia and Metaplasia01:24

Cellular Adaptation IV: Dysplasia and Metaplasia

DysplasiaDysplasia refers to abnormal changes in the size, shape, and organization of mature cells, characterized by pleomorphism, nuclear abnormalities, and increased mitotic activity. It commonly affects epithelial tissues, including the cervix, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory mucosa, and endometrium. Although it may occur alongside hyperplasia, dysplasia is not a true adaptive response but a preneoplastic change with potential to progress to cancer.When confined above the basement...
Diverticular Disease of the Colon01:27

Diverticular Disease of the Colon

Diverticular disease involves the formation of diverticula—small sac-like outpouchings of the colonic wall—and their complications. It most commonly affects the sigmoid colon due to higher intraluminal pressure and structural vulnerability. It results from structural weakness and increased pressure in the colon, producing pseudodiverticula that may remain silent or progress to inflammation and serious complications.Structure of DiverticulaIn diverticulosis, these outpouchings are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Deficient Pms2, ERCC1, Ku86, CcOI in Field Defects During Progression to Colon Cancer
28:15

Deficient Pms2, ERCC1, Ku86, CcOI in Field Defects During Progression to Colon Cancer

Published on: July 28, 2010

Colon polyps and cancer.

J H Bond1

  • 1Gastroenterology Section (111D), Minneapolis Veterans' Administration Medical Center, One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA. John.Bond@med.va.gov

Endoscopy
|February 26, 2005
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Colonoscopy is crucial for colorectal cancer screening, diagnosis, and prevention. This review highlights recent advances in risk stratification, surveillance, and prevention strategies, including virtual colonoscopy.

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Competing-Risk Nomogram for Predicting Cancer-Specific Survival in Multiple Primary Colorectal Cancer Patients after Surgery

Published on: September 27, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Oncology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Colorectal cancer (CRC) poses a significant health burden globally.
  • Endoscopic procedures, particularly colonoscopy, are vital for CRC management.
  • Recent advancements necessitate an updated review of current practices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a state-of-the-art review on colon polyps and cancer.
  • To highlight recent literature relevant to CRC risk stratification, screening, surveillance, and prevention.
  • To discuss the role of endoscopy and emerging technologies in CRC detection.

Main Methods:

  • A PubMed literature search was conducted focusing on endoscopy and colorectal cancer.
  • A selection of recent, high-impact peer-reviewed papers was chosen for review.
  • The review synthesizes current findings on adenoma types, risk stratification, and screening modalities.

Main Results:

  • Endoscopy, especially colonoscopy, remains paramount in CRC screening, diagnosis, and prevention.
  • Recent research addresses risk stratification, surveillance protocols, and chemoprevention strategies.
  • The review examines the benefits and drawbacks of direct colonoscopy versus virtual colonoscopy.

Conclusions:

  • Colonoscopy is a cornerstone in the fight against colorectal cancer.
  • Emerging technologies and updated strategies enhance CRC prevention and management.
  • Continued research is essential for optimizing screening and surveillance protocols.