[Application of computer-assisted surgery (CAS) in otolaryngology--head and neck surgery]

There were computer-assisted surgery (CAS) and telemanipulation technics presented. They can be used in some surgical procedures. Using available literature authors described CAS application in endoscopic paranasal sinus and skull base surgery. There were drawbacks and advantages of this methods discussed. Moreover there were trends in development of newest technics, including robot-aidded surgery (RAS) described.