Novel hydrophobicity ruler approach for determining the octanol/water partition coefficients of very hydrophobic...

A novel hydrophobicity ruler approach for determining the octanol/water partition coefficients of very hydrophobic compounds is proposed, which is an indirect method that measures the polymer/solvent solution distribution coefficients (log Kp/s) of reference and unknown compounds. The log Kp/s values of the unknown compounds can be calibrated to their log Ko/w values via the correlation of the log Kp/s values of the reference compounds with their log Ko/w values. An organic solvent was used to increase the solubility of the very hydrophobic compounds in the aqueous solution, so that their concentrations and absorption amounts were high enough to be measured precisely. The solvent also reduced the hydrophobicity scale of the very hydrophobic compounds and controlled the amounts absorbed into the polymer phase, so that compounds spanning a very wide range of log Ko/w values could be measured in a single measurement and the coexisting compounds would not interfere each other. Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), aqueous methanol solutions, and a series of 21 PCB (polychlorinated biphenyl) compounds were used to demonstrate the principle of the hydrophobicity ruler approach. The PCB compounds with known experimental log Ko/w values served as reference compounds, whereas the PCB compounds without known log Ko/w values were determined. The log Ko/w values determined for PCB126, PCB187, PCB197, PCB180, PCB170, and PCB195 were 6.94, 7.84, 8.33, 8.17, 7.92, and 8.49, respectively. The correlation of the log Kp/s values of the reference PCB compounds with their log Ko/w values was linear (log Ko/w=2.56 log Kp/s+1.08, R2=0.95). The hydrophobicity ruler approach is also a valuable tool for validating the experimental and theoretical log Ko/w values and identifying outliers in log Ko/w databases.