Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 19, 2026

Scanning Electron Microscopic Evaluation of Surface Defects of Remover Retreatment File After Single and Multiple Uses
Published on: October 11, 2024
An in vitro comparison of the rake angles between K3 and ProFile endodontic file systems
David Y Chow1, Sheila E Stover, James K Bahcall
1Department of Endodontics, Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, USA. dchowchi@yahoo.com
Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to compare rake angles of the ProFile and K3 file systems. Twenty-five 40/0.06 taper files were obtained for each system. Five files from the same manufacturer were placed perpendicularly into a vial of Epoxicure Resin and left to set for 24 h. The set-ups were removed from the vials and each were sectioned 5 mm from the tip of the files and polished. A photomicrograph was taken of each file with 100x magnification. Five sets of ProFile and five sets of K3 files were processed in this manner. Images were captured digitally, and rake angles of each file were measured. Multivariate ANOVA found a significant difference (p < 0.001) among the three negative rake angles of the ProFile system compared with the K3 system.
