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[The neuropsychological phenotype of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: are there differences among subtypes?]
C Capdevila-Brophy1, J Artigas-Pallarés, A Ramirez-Mallafré
1Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, Facultad de Psicologia, 08193 Bellaterra, Espana. conniecb@copc.es
Introduction:
Recent studies suggest that the ADHD subtypes would be best conceptualized as separate clinical entities, based on their epidemiology, central and associate symptomatology.
Objectives:
To determine the differences and similarities between subtypes in its associate symptomatology, specifically in the neuropsychological phenotype of executive dysfunction.
Patients And Methods:
A group of children between 6 and 14 years of age with a diagnosis of ADHD-innattentive subtype (DESAT, n = 20) and another with ADHD-combined subtype (COMB, n = 39).
Results:
Overall, the COMB subject sample displayed lower performance than DESAT group. Statistically significant differences were found in Kaufman-ABC-hands movement subtest, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST)-total error and WCST-conceptual level.
Conclusions:
The subtypes differ significantly in measures or non verbal working memory, hindsight, foresight, and motor control. Both groups share a deficit in response output speed and verbal working memory. We hypothesized areas of cognitive superiority for each subtype: spatial memory for the inattentive and gestaltic composition for the combined. Results provide evidence to support quantitative and qualitative differences in the neuropsychological profile between the ADHD-innatentive and combined subtypes.
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