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Updated: Aug 19, 2026
Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses
Published on: January 23, 2017
Hearing screening outcomes in Inuit children in Nunavik, Quebec, Canada
Hannah Ayukawa1, Pierre Lejeune, Jean François Proulx
1Hearing and Otitis Program, Tulattavik Health Centre, Kuujjuaq, Quebec. hannah.ayukawa@muhc.mcgill.ca
Objectives:
Hearing loss is highly prevalent among Inuit children in Canada. Hearing screening at kindergarten age has been carried out in Nunavik by trained Inuit technicians since 1986. In this study, we determined what percentage of children fail their initial hearing screening at age 5-6 years and compared this initial result with the last hearing test. We also report the type of hearing loss observed at the last test.
Methods:
Results compiled in a clinical database were analysed. At age 5-6 years, 524 children (born 1990-1994, 84% coverage) were tested and 515 children were retested at a later date. Screening failure was defined as >22 dB pure tone average (.5k, 1k, 2kHz) in either ear. Observations on ear condition at the last test were used to determine type of hearing loss.
Results:
Nineteen percent (101 children) failed the hearing screening at age 5-6 years and 12% failed on the later test. When those who failed the first test were retested, 58 had improved and 43 remained with a hearing loss. Twenty-one children who had initially passed the hearing screening were found to have a hearing loss at retest. The majority of the hearing losses were due to otitis media.
Conclusion:
Hearing screening and retesting remains necessary due to the high prevalence of hearing loss found in this population and the fluctuating nature of this problem.
