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Hypochlorous acid scavenging properties of local Mediterranean plant foods.

Sebastian Schaffer1, Gunter P Eckert, Walter E Müller

  • 1Institute of Pharmacology (ZAFES), Biocenter Niederursel, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

Lipids
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mediterranean plant extracts show potent antioxidant activity, protecting low-density lipoprotein (LDL) from oxidative damage. These findings support the health benefits of the Mediterranean diet in preventing atherosclerosis and heart disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Phytochemistry
  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Oxidative Stress

Background:

  • Oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) contributes to atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease.
  • The Mediterranean diet, rich in plant foods, is associated with lower rates of these conditions.
  • Myeloperoxidase (MPO) produces hypochlorous acid (HOCl), a key oxidant in LDL modification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the antioxidant potential of Mediterranean edible plant extracts.
  • To evaluate the protective effects of these extracts against HOCl-induced LDL modification.
  • To explore the impact of plant extracts on MPO activity and related oxidative processes.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of ethanolic extracts from over 120 Mediterranean plants.
  • Assessing antioxidant capacity using DPPH radical scavenging and HOCl scavenging assays.
  • Evaluating the inhibition of HOCl-induced LDL modification (tryptophan and lysine residues) and MPO-catalyzed guaiacol oxidation.
  • Measuring 3-nitrotyrosine formation in endothelial cells.

Main Results:

  • Extracts from Agaricus campestris, Cynara cardunculus, Thymus pulegioides, and Vicia faba demonstrated significant antioxidant potential, comparable to standards like quercetin.
  • These extracts effectively prevented HOCl-induced modification of LDL tryptophan residues and, to a lesser extent, lysine residues.
  • Plant extracts inhibited MPO-catalyzed guaiacol oxidation in cell-free assays but did not inhibit MPO activity in neutrophils.
  • C. cardunculus and T. pulegioides extracts reduced 3-nitrotyrosine formation in endothelial cells.

Conclusions:

  • Mediterranean plant extracts possess significant antioxidant and anti-atherogenic properties in vitro.
  • These findings highlight the role of plant-derived compounds in mitigating HOCl toxicity and LDL oxidation.
  • The study provides mechanistic insights into the cardioprotective effects attributed to the Mediterranean diet.