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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a preliminary diffusion tensor imaging study.

Manzar Ashtari1, Sanjiv Kumra, Shree L Bhaskar

  • 1Departments of Radiology, North Shore Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, USA. ashtari@lij.edu

Biological Psychiatry
|March 2, 2005
PubMed
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Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) show white matter (WM) abnormalities, specifically reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) in frontal and cerebellar regions, suggesting impacts on brain integrity.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Child Psychiatry

Background:

  • Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder.
  • Previous research suggests potential white matter (WM) abnormalities in ADHD.
  • Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) is a key technique for assessing WM integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate white matter (WM) integrity differences in children with ADHD compared to healthy controls.
  • To identify specific brain regions affected by WM abnormalities in ADHD.
  • To test the hypothesis of decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) in frontal and cerebellar regions.

Main Methods:

  • Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) was performed on 18 children with ADHD and 15 age- and gender-matched healthy controls.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Voxelwise analysis of fractional anisotropy (FA) maps was conducted.
  • Intersubject registration to Talairach space ensured accurate anatomical comparison.

    • Main Results:

    • Children with ADHD exhibited significantly decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) in several brain regions.
    • Affected areas included the right premotor cortex, right striatum, right cerebral peduncle, left middle cerebellar peduncle, left cerebellum, and left parieto-occipital regions.
    • These regions are consistent with those implicated in the pathophysiology of ADHD.

    Conclusions:

    • Preliminary findings support the hypothesis of altered white matter (WM) integrity in frontal and cerebellar regions in ADHD.
    • The observed pattern of decreased FA suggests the involvement of the corticopontocerebellar circuit in ADHD.
    • These results highlight potential neurobiological underpinnings of ADHD.