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Goat milk feeding causes an increase in biliary secretion of cholesterol and a decrease in plasma cholesterol levels

I López-Aliaga1, M J M Alférez, M T Nestares

  • 1Department of Physiology and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain.

Journal of Dairy Science
|March 2, 2005
PubMed
Summary

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Goat milk consumption decreased plasma cholesterol and triglycerides in rats, unlike cow milk. This suggests goat milk positively impacts lipid metabolism and may be beneficial for general population consumption.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Nutritional Science
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Previous studies indicated goat milk has a hypocholesterolemic effect compared to cow milk.
  • Dietary lipid quality significantly influences metabolic and physiological processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of goat milk versus cow milk on biliary physiology in rats.
  • To compare the effects of different dietary lipid sources (olive oil, cow milk fat, goat milk fat) on lipid metabolism.

Main Methods:

  • Rats were fed diets with 10% fat from virgin olive oil, lyophilized cow milk, or lyophilized goat milk.
  • Bile secretion was analyzed for phospholipid, cholesterol, and bile acid outputs.
  • Plasma lipid concentrations (cholesterol, triglycerides) and the lithogenic index were measured.

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Main Results:

  • Goat milk diet increased biliary cholesterol secretion and decreased plasma cholesterol.
  • Cow milk diet did not show the same cholesterol-lowering effect.
  • Both goat milk and olive oil diets reduced plasma triglyceride concentrations, indicating positive effects on lipid metabolism.

Conclusions:

  • Goat milk consumption favorably influences lipid metabolism by decreasing plasma cholesterol and triglycerides.
  • The biliary physiology remained within normal ranges, suggesting a safe metabolic profile.
  • Goat milk may be recommended for the general population due to its beneficial effects on lipid metabolism.