Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 19, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Published on: December 6, 2016
Validity of sleep nasendoscopy in the investigation of sleep related breathing disorders
S Berry1, G Roblin, A Williams
1Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, UK.
Objective:
To validate the technique of sleep nasendoscopy using target controlled infusion in symptomatic patients and a control group of asymptomatic individuals.
Design:
Prospective cohort study.
Setting:
Department of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery and anesthesia in a teaching hospital.
Participants:
Two groups of patients were compared and matched for their body mass index. The first group consisted of 53 patients with a history suggestive of obstructive sleep apnea. The second group consisted of 54 patients with partner-confirmed history of no snoring. These patients were undergoing anesthesia for other reasons. Both groups of patients were free of associated otorhinolaryngologic symptoms.
Main Outcome Measure:
Assessment of production of snoring or obstruction in patients with no documented history of snoring when sedation was administered as part of general anesthesia using target controlled infusion with propofol.
Results And Conclusions:
None of the patients in the asymptomatic group snored or obstructed at any level of propofol, and this was clearly significant on comparison with the symptomatic group (P < .001). All of the symptomatic patients were induced to become symptomatic (snoring/obstruction).
Related Concept Videos
Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
During an EGD, the endoscope can be used to:
Assessment of Airway, Skin Color, and Use of Accessory Muscles
Introduction
The initial evaluation of a patient's respiratory system...
Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract II: Inspection
Chest Configuration
The chest configuration can...
Sleep Apnea
The condition is more prevalent among...
Endoscopic Studies I: Bronchoscopy and Thoracoscopy
Bronchoscopy
Description
Bronchoscopy is a procedure that involves direct visualization of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. A flexible fiber optic or rigid bronchoscope is used to carry out the procedure. The fiber-optic bronchoscope is more frequently used due to...
Respiratory System Abnormal Finding I: Inspection and Percussion
Inspection Findings
During an inspection, several findings may suggest the presence of respiratory distress or disease. Pursed-lip breathing, where exhalation is slowed by...

