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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

$Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples$

Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples

Published on: June 19, 2018

Water-rich basalts at mid-ocean-ridge cold spots.

Marco Ligi¹, Enrico Bonatti, Anna Cipriani

¹Istituto Scienze Marine, Geologia Marina, CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.

|March 4, 2005

Summary

Oceanic basalts in cold regions contain surprisingly high water content, challenging previous assumptions. This discovery suggests water-rich basalts form not only near hotspots but also at

Area of Science:

Geochemistry
Petrology
Oceanography

Background:

Water in the suboceanic upper mantle influences mantle viscosity, melting, and crust generation at mid-ocean ridges.
Oceanic basalts typically contain <0.2 wt% water, except those from hotspots associated with 'wet' mantle plumes.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the occurrence and origin of unusually high water content in basalts from a cold region of the mid-ocean-ridge system.
To understand the implications of water-rich basalts in thermally minimal mantle regions.

Main Methods:

Analysis of basaltic glasses from the equatorial Atlantic mid-ocean-ridge system.
Geochemical analysis, including water content, major elements (sodium), and rare-earth element ratios.
Numerical modeling of mantle melting processes.

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Main Results:

Unusually high water content detected in basaltic glasses from a cold mid-ocean-ridge region.
These basalts are sodium-rich with high light versus heavy rare-earth element ratios, indicating garnet presence during melting.
Numerical modeling supports derivation from low-degree 'wet' mantle melting at depths >60 km.

Conclusions:

Oceanic basalts can be water-rich in 'cold spots,' not exclusively near hotspots.
Suggests low-degree 'wet' melting at significant depths is a key process for generating these water-rich basalts.