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Neurodegenerative effects of monopolar electrocauterization on spinal ganglia in lumbar disc surgery
M D Aydin1, S Dane, C Gundogdu
1Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey. nmda21@hotmail.com
Background:
Monopolar electrocauterization (MEC) is widely used in spine surgery however electrical currents are hazardous for neural tissues, such as the spinal ganglia sited in the intervertebral foramina. We aimed to investigate the effects of MEC on spinal ganglia.
Method:
Fifteen male hybrid rabbits were included in the study. Three of the animals were used to analyze the findings regarding spinal ganglia without operation. The remaining animals underwent L4-5 disc surgery. For intra-operative facet denervation MEC was used for half of the animals. After one month, all animals were sacrificed and L5 spinal ganglia were removed for histopathological examination. The number and morphological changes of neurons in spinal ganglia were examined.
Findings:
The mean number of live neurons was 22610 in non-operated rabbits; 21617 in the non-MEC group and 16692 in the MEC group. Neuronal degeneration was more prominent in the MEC group than in the non-MEC group.
Conclusions:
MEC used during spine surgery may be injurious to spinal ganglia and should be used with caution.
Insights
Monopolar electrocauterization (MEC) during spine surgery can harm spinal ganglia. This study found more neuronal degeneration in rabbits that underwent MEC compared to those that did not.
Area of Science:
- Neurosurgery
- Histopathology
- Spinal Anatomy
Background:
- Monopolar electrocauterization (MEC) is a common technique in spine surgery.
- Electrical currents from MEC pose risks to neural tissues, including spinal ganglia located in intervertebral foramina.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the potential adverse effects of monopolar electrocauterization (MEC) on spinal ganglia.
Main Methods:
- The study involved 15 male hybrid rabbits, with a control group and a group undergoing L4-L5 disc surgery.
- Half of the surgical group received intra-operative facet denervation using MEC.
- Spinal ganglia were examined histopathologically after one month to assess neuronal count and morphology.
Main Results:
- Non-operated rabbits had a mean of 22,610 live neurons.
- The non-MEC group showed 21,617 live neurons, while the MEC group had 16,692 live neurons.
- Neuronal degeneration was significantly more pronounced in the MEC group.
Conclusions:
- Monopolar electrocauterization (MEC) utilized in spine surgery procedures may cause injury to spinal ganglia.
- Caution is advised when employing MEC in proximity to spinal ganglia during surgical interventions.
