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Etiology of urinary tract infection in scholar children
Ubirajara Barroso1, Danilo V Barroso, Modesto Jacobino
1Section of Pediatric Urology, Division of Urology, São Rafael Hospital, Professor Edgard Santos College Hospital, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil. ubarroso@uol.com.br
Insights
Vesicourethral dysfunction is a common cause of urinary infections in children over three years old, affecting 87% of those studied. Other contributing factors were less frequent, highlighting the importance of assessing voiding function.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Urology
- Pediatric Nephrology
Background:
- Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in children.
- Identifying underlying causes is crucial for effective management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of vesicourethral dysfunction in children over 3 years old with UTIs.
- To compare this prevalence with other potential UTI risk factors.
Main Methods:
- Prospective assessment of 45 children (36 girls, 9 boys) aged 3-13.9 years for lower urinary tract dysfunction symptoms.
- Retrospective review of other UTI risk factors.
- Diagnostic imaging including ultrasonography (28 children) and voiding cystourethrogram (26 patients).
Main Results:
- Vesicourethral dysfunction was diagnosed in 87% of children with UTIs.
- Common symptoms included voiding urgency (100%) and urinary incontinence (77%).
- Other findings included pollakiuria, infrequent voiding, vaginal discharge, phimosis, obstipation, post-voiding residue, and vesicoureteral reflux.
Conclusions:
- Vesicourethral dysfunction is a primary cause of UTIs in children over 3 years old.
- In the absence of voiding dysfunction, other predisposing factors should be evaluated.
- A clear urologic cause was identified in 96% of cases.
Objective:
To prospectively assess the prevalence of vesicourethral dysfunction in children over 3 years old, comparing it with the occurrence rate for other potential factors that cause urinary infection in this age range.
Materials And Methods:
36 girls and 9 boys were assessed, with mean age of 6.4 years, ranging from 3 to 13.9 years. These children were prospectively assessed regarding the presence of symptoms of lower urinary tract dysfunction. These data were compared with the retrospective assessment of other potential risk factors for urinary infection. Ultrasonography was performed in 28 children and voiding cystourethrogram was performed in 26 patients.
Results:
Vesicourethral dysfunction was diagnosed in 39 (87%) of the 45 children with urinary infection. Among these 39 patients, all had voiding urgency, 30 (77%) had urinary incontinence, 12 (31%) pollakiuria and 3 (8%) presented infrequent voiding. Vaginal discharge was evidenced in 8 (22%) girls and phimosis in 2 (22%) boys. Obstipation was diagnosed in 10 (22%) cases. Significant post-voiding residue was detected in 4 (13%) of the 28 cases assessed. Vesicoureteral reflux was evidenced in 5 (19%) of the 26 patients who underwent voiding cystourethrogram. In only 2 (4%) cases there was not an apparent cause for the infection.
Conclusion:
Vesicourethral dysfunction is a major cause of urinary infection in children with ages above 3 years old. In cases where voiding dysfunction in not present, other predisposing factors must be assessed. However, only 4% of the patients did not present an apparent urologic cause for the infection.
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